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As long as pearl jewelry have been known to people, they have been a highly sought commodity for their beauty. It's only in recent times however that the industry has taken the hunt for the perfect pearl to a whole different level. Today, the shiny orbs that we see on in display in jewelry stores have actually almost always been grown in farms.
That's a far cry from the dangerous extraction and collection methods used before the invention of modern technology. In the past, not more than 100 years ago, the only way to retrieve pearls was by diving in lakes, floods and the ocean to pick them up, one at the time. The unfortunate divers who'se job it was to do this, were often poor and lured by the relative large sums they could get. The diver would sometimes have to dive as deep as 100 feet on one single breath of air. In order to preserve air and to stay submerged the longest, the divers would hold on to heavy stones on the way down.
Naturally, this dangerous activity was reserved for the desperate or the powerless - in many cases slaves or extremely poor peasents. Today, this method is all but obsolete in most places of the world. The cheaper cultured pearls have become popular and are many times the only pearls available to the consumer.
There are however still a few isolated areas that practice this old art of pearl diving. Some of the finest natural pearl speciments come from the gulf of Bahrain. Here, divers still risk their health to retrieve what are considered the top of the crop in the world. In fact, Bahrain wants no part of the sale of cultured pearls, banned from trade. Bahrain is one of the few places on earth that does an active job in trying to preserve the natural habitat and waters from pollution.
It's an interesting story and one that continues to fascinate buyers around the world. Somehow, the beauty of the pearl grows when it's been retrieved from the depth of the ocean.
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Buying pearl jewelry can be fun, exciting and confusing. Whether you're considering a gift of pearl jewelry for someone special or as a treat for yourself, take some time to learn the terms used in the industry. Here's some information to help you get the best quality pearl jewelry for your money, whether you're shopping in a traditional brick and mortar store or online.
Pearls
Natural or real pearls are made by oysters and other mollusks. Cultured pearls also are grown by mollusks, but with human intervention; that is, an irritant introduced into the shells causes a pearl to grow. Imitation pearls are man-made with glass, plastic, or organic materials.
Because natural pearls are very rare, most pearls used in jewelry are either cultured or imitation pearls. Cultured pearls, because they are made by oysters or mollusks, usually are more expensive than imitation pears. A cultured pearl's value is largely based on its size, usually stated in millimeters, and the quality of its nacre coating, which give it luster. Jewelers should tell your if the pearls are cultured or imitation. Some black, bronze, gold, purple, blue and orange pearls, whether natural or cultured, occur that way in nature; some, however, are dyed through various processes. Jewelers should tell you whether the colored pearls are naturally colored, dyed or irradiated.
Clams, oysters, mussels and many other mollusks with limy shells are known to produce pearls. But very few kinds yield gem pearls of jeweler's quality. The pearl is an abnormal growth of mother-of-pearl, or nacre, imbedded in the soft bodies of these shellfish. It is built up, layer upon layer, in the same way as nacre is added to the lining of the growing shell and always has the same color and luster. For example, over the country, hundreds of good-sized pearls are found each year in the oysters we eat. Unfortunately these have no commercial value regardless of whether they have been cooked or not because they are dull opaque white or purple like the shell of the parent oyster. In recent times almost all pearls of gem quality come from the oriental pearl oyster which has a bright shimmering translucent nacre.
A pearl starts growing when some irritating foreign substance such as a sand grain, bit of mud, parasite or other object becomes lodged in the shell-producing gland called the mantle. Pearls formed in the soft flesh where nacre can be added on all sides are most likely to be spherical and the most highly prized. By far the great majority are flattened or variously distorted and have little value. Size, color, luster and freedom from flaws are other essential qualities. Unlike other gems, such as diamonds, pearls have an average life of only about 50 years. In time the small amount of water in a pearl's make-up is lost and its surface cracks. Because they are mostly lime, necklaces which are worn often are injured by the acid secretions of the human skin.
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Buying pearl jewelry can be fun, exciting and confusing. Whether you're considering a gift of pearl jewelry for someone special or as a treat for yourself, take some time to learn the terms used in the industry. Here's some information to help you get the best quality pearl jewelry for your money, whether you're shopping in a traditional brick and mortar store or online.
Pearls
Natural or real pearls are made by oysters and other mollusks. Cultured pearls also are grown by mollusks, but with human intervention; that is, an irritant introduced into the shells causes a pearl to grow. Imitation pearls are man-made with glass, plastic, or organic materials.
Because natural pearls are very rare, most pearls used in jewelry are either cultured or imitation pearls. Cultured pearls, because they are made by oysters or mollusks, usually are more expensive than imitation pears. A cultured pearl's value is largely based on its size, usually stated in millimeters, and the quality of its nacre coating, which give it luster. Jewelers should tell your if the pearls are cultured or imitation. Some black, bronze, gold, purple, blue and orange pearls, whether natural or cultured, occur that way in nature; some, however, are dyed through various processes. Jewelers should tell you whether the colored pearls are naturally colored, dyed or irradiated.
Clams, oysters, mussels and many other mollusks with limy shells are known to produce pearls. But very few kinds yield gem pearls of jeweler's quality. The pearl is an abnormal growth of mother-of-pearl, or nacre, imbedded in the soft bodies of these shellfish. It is built up, layer upon layer, in the same way as nacre is added to the lining of the growing shell and always has the same color and luster. For example, over the country, hundreds of good-sized pearls are found each year in the oysters we eat. Unfortunately these have no commercial value regardless of whether they have been cooked or not because they are dull opaque white or purple like the shell of the parent oyster. In recent times almost all pearls of gem quality come from the oriental pearl oyster which has a bright shimmering translucent nacre.
A pearl starts growing when some irritating foreign substance such as a sand grain, bit of mud, parasite or other object becomes lodged in the shell-producing gland called the mantle. Pearls formed in the soft flesh where nacre can be added on all sides are most likely to be spherical and the most highly prized. By far the great majority are flattened or variously distorted and have little value. Size, color, luster and freedom from flaws are other essential qualities. Unlike other gems, such as diamonds, pearls have an average life of only about 50 years. In time the small amount of water in a pearl's make-up is lost and its surface cracks. Because they are mostly lime, necklaces which are worn often are injured by the acid secretions of the human skin.
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One of the country's most senior doctors has warned that obesity will overtake alcohol as the main cause of liver cirrhosis in the "not too distant future". Professor Christopher Hawkey's comments come as a new poll shows that more than five out of six people are unaware the disease is linked to excess weight. "Obesity is the biggest health problem we face this century," said Hawkey, president of the British Society of Gastroenterology. "It is almost certainly going to reverse the rise in life expectancy – so we start living shorter lives than before. It will increase the risks of a number of cancers; hip and knee surgery requirement is going to be vast; and it is now projected to overtake alcohol as the biggest cause of liver cirrhosis within two decades." Obesity has already become the main cause of less serious forms of liver disease, but cirrhosis is the end stage – an irreversible scarring that causes the pearl jewelry organ to deteriorate. A BSG poll of 1,959 people released today found that while the majority understood that obesity could cause diabetes, high blood pressure and infertility, few understood its link to certain cancers or liver problems. New figures from the organisation show a huge spike in the number of people under the age of 65 dying of liver disease, while deaths linked to other problems – such as diabetes, cancers and stroke – have fallen for that age group. The average age of death from liver disease is 59 compared with between 82 and 84 for heart and lung disease and strokes. It is the fifth largest cause of death in the UK, and in the past 10 years there has been a five-fold increase in cirrhosis for those aged between 35 and 55. Hawkey said today's poll also showed that people don't realise other complications are related to obesity. "People don't know there is an epidemic of cancer of the biwa pearl oesophagus, for example, which is very hard to treat." He said Britain had become a "nation of grazers" seeking instant gratification. The poll, he said, highlights a number of worrying trends. For example, it found that half of those questioned considered themselves overweight, and of these one in five women and more than one in six men admitted to binge-eating. Experts say bingeing is a disorder where suffers can consume 10,000 calories in one go. "It is comfort eating – just like comfort drinking," said Hawkey, adding that bingeing could lead to many health risks beyond excess weight. The NHS defines binge- eating as a disorder where the sufferer feels "compelled to overeat". "Binge eaters usually eat large quantities, including when they're not hungry, in a short period of time and in private. They feel they have no control over their overeating," the NHS information sheet says. Symptoms include "feelings of guilt, shame or disgust after overeating". Beat, a charity for those with eating disorders, says it is planning to draw attention to the issue over the next year. Susan Ringwood, its chief executive, said: "Some people experience sadness as an emptiness in their body which they want to fill. It is almost the opposite to anorexia. "Binge-eating is not about people eating large portions – it is almost a ritual. They plan it, buy high-fat and sugary foods, find a time they can be alone, and lock the akoya pearl door. It is comfort eating – but way beyond having an extra chocolate biscuit because you feel down. "People can take 10,000 calories in one go – four times what you would expect to eat in a day. They could, for example, eat a whole pack of butter." Ringwood said treatment includes cognitive behavioural therapy. Hawkey said the healthiest option is for people to eat small portions of foods that release carbohydrates slowly. He also advocates vegetarianism, or "semi-vegetarianism" for those who can't give up meat entirely.
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A suspected serial killer has been arrested in America after six bodies were discovered hidden in and around his house. Anthony Sowell, 50, was arrested in Cleveland, Ohio, after police received a tip-off about his whereabouts. Sowell had become the pearl jewelry subject of a major manhunt after the gruesome discovery of half a dozen corpses at his house in a poor neighbourhood that has struggled with crime and drug problems. Police had set up an emergency response centre and celebrated when news broke that he had been picked up. Officers had originally been looking to question Sowell after a woman accused him of rape and assault a month ago. They obtained an arrest and search warrant and went to his house last Thursday to question him about the attack. Sowell, however, was not at home. But police quickly made the horrific discovery that the property hid the bodies of several suspected murder victims. On the biwa pearl third floor two badly decomposed corpses were found. Then a freshly dug grave containing another body was discovered in the basement. Later two more bodies were found in the loft of the house. Finally a search of the land around the house turned up yet another grave, containing a sixth body. Officials were continuing the search today, using dogs trained to find human remains and extending the hunt to nearby houses and vacant lots, thus raising the prospect that even more bodies could eventually turn up. But in a grim twist none of the bodies discovered so far has been identified because the corpses were in such an advanced state of decay. Indeed only two have had their sex determined, both of them women. Sowell, who spent 15 years in prison for a rape committed in 1989, was known as a local "scrapper" who would earn money by harvesting metal from rubbish and skips. "He walks around and picks up scrap metal and takes it to junk yards to make a akoya pearl few pennies," said a police spokesman, Lieutenant Thomas Stacho. Local people with missing relatives have gathered outside the house where the bodies were discovered, some of them clutching photographs of their missing loved ones. Police have asked anyone who fears they may be related to one of the victims to come forward with DNA samples so that they can eventually help with identification.
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